What type of legal action is associated with litigation?

Litigation is specifically associated with a lawsuit, which is a process where legal disputes are resolved in a court of law. This involves one party taking legal action against another, seeking a judicial remedy for a claimed wrong or injury. In the context of litigation, formal procedures are followed, including filing legal documents and complying with court rules. It is a structured and often lengthy process aimed at reaching a resolution through the judicial system.

Conversely, the other options relate to alternative dispute resolution or non-judicial agreements that do not involve the court system. Negotiating terms, document verification, and informal settlements are all processes that can occur outside the courtroom and do not constitute litigation. Therefore, the correct answer underscores the formal nature and legal implications of pursuing a lawsuit as part of litigation.